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Pneumococcal Disease: Causes and How It Spreads
Risk factors
Age, conditions, and other factors can increase someone’s risk for pneumococcal disease, including severe infections.
Age
Children younger than 5 years old and adults 65 years or older are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease.
Race and ethnicity
Experts don't know why, but people of certain racial and ethnic groups have increased rates of pneumococcal disease:
- Alaska Native people
- African American people
- Certain American Indian people
Childcare attendance
Young children attending childcare are also at increased risk for severe pneumococcal disease and ear infections.
Medical conditions
Chronic conditions and other factors that increase someone's risk for pneumococcal disease include:
- Alcoholism
- Cerebrospinal (around the brain and spinal cord) fluid leak
- Chronic heart, kidney, liver, or lung disease
- Cigarette smoking
- Cochlear implant (surgically implanted hearing device to help people with severe hearing loss)
- Diabetes
- Immunocompromising condition (having a weakened immune system)
Ch
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